Clinical Prediction Rules

Darryl Yardley - one of my physiotherapy colleagues asked me if I could list some Clinical Prediction Rules / Indications for Surgery.

My main clinical indications are the following:

1) Ankle pain and instability for greater than 1 year despite non-operative management / physiotherapy.

2) Clear 2+ anterior drawer sign

3) Evident varus / valgus instability with stress testing

4) Palpable crepitus in the ankle (this can be caused by an OCD lesion or Ankle Osteoarthritis).